What’s the Big Deal?

• Who? Tonyukuk, a legendary advisor and military genius.
• When? Around 680–720 AD.
• Where? Near Karabalgasun, Mongolia.
• Why? It’s one of the oldest surviving Turkic texts, giving us a rare look at their politics, wars, and culture.

Why Should You Care?

• It’s a primary source for early Turkic history.
• Helps decode the Göktürk runic script.
• Shows how empires like the Göktürks shaped Central Asia.

During excavations at the Timkove settlement (Northern Odesa Region, Ukraine), archaeologists uncovered a fascinating find from the early Trypillia culture (first half of the 5th millennium BCE).

Among the artifacts, four pairs of snake remains (totaling eight snakes) were discovered in a single composition. The snakes appear to have been intentionally placed, possibly as part of a ritual or symbolic practice.

This discovery adds to our understanding of the spiritual and cultural practices of the Trypillia people, who thrived in this region thousands of years ago.

Location: Timkove Settlement, Northern Odesa Region

Period: Early Trypillia Culture (5th Millennium BCE)

Museum: Odesa Archaeological Museum

Would anyone have insights into similar findings or their possible significance?

The Braganza Brooch is an extraordinary example of Hellenistic goldsmithing, dating to around 250–200 BCE.

Made of gold with colored glass inlays, the 14 cm-long fibula features a remarkably detailed nude Celtic warrior carrying weapons and a shield, accompanied by a hunting dog leaping toward him.

The piece combines Hellenistic craftsmanship with Celtic artistic traditions and may have been created for a wealthy Celtiberian patron in the Iberian Peninsula.

Today, it is housed in the British Museum in London (Museum No. 2001,0501.1).

Source: British Museum, The Braganza Brooch.

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