r/Chinesearchitecture • u/Financial_Hat_5085 • 18m ago
其它 | Other Chinese Dougong Across Dynasties — From the Tang to the Qing
By the Tang, Liao, Five Dynasties, and Ten Kingdoms periods, the structural organization of bracket sets (dougong) had essentially become standardized. In large buildings, the bracket sets placed between columns (puzuo, intermediate bracket sets) differed in their exterior projections from those on column tops (zhutou, column-top bracket sets), while small buildings dispensed with intermediate bracket sets altogether. The timber cross-sections were comparatively large, and the major bracket sets projected far out, giving an overall robust and forceful appearance. The exposed-through core pattern (touxin zao) was widely used, and the ascending cantilevers (ang) employed the split-bamboo profile (pizhu ang).
During the Song, Jin, and Yuan periods, the load-bearing function of bracket sets remained important, yet a tendency toward ornamentation began to emerge. Examples include fully heart-concentrated bracket sets (quan jixin), inclined members such as the tiaogan and the upward-ascending ang (shang'ang), as well as curved components like the erjiao dou, the qinmian ang, and the boot-wedge (xuexie). Small buildings also adopted intermediate bracket sets, which came to resemble the column-top bracket sets in their exterior projections.
In the Ming and Qing periods, the timber cross-sections of bracket sets shrank drastically and their load-bearing role weakened. In official Qing-dynasty architecture, bracket sets grew smaller and were arrayed more densely, reducing them to a decorative band beneath the eaves. The downward-ascending ang (xia'ang) was degraded into a fake ang (jia'ang), and the upward-ascending ang disappeared entirely.