The condition is called adermatoglyphia, and it's caused by mutations in a gene called SMARCAD1. People born with it have perfectly smooth fingertips, palms, and soles, no ridges, no loops, no whorls, while the rest of their skin develops completely normally.

Fingerprints actually form early in the womb, somewhere around weeks 13 to 19 of pregnancy, when the inner layer of skin (the dermis) grows slightly faster than the outer layer (the epidermis) sitting on top of it. That mismatch in growth speed causes the skin to buckle into tiny ridges, the same way a sheet of paper buckles when you push the ends together. Once that pattern locks in, it's permanent for life, it doesn't change with age, scars back the same way if damaged, and it's actually part of why fingerprints work so well for identification.

People with adermatoglyphia never developed that ridge pattern at all, so they have none of it, and interestingly, it comes with zero other health issues, it only affects that one cosmetic/functional trait. It's been nicknamed "immigration delay disease" in a few case reports because affected individuals have had real difficulty with biometric ID systems and border fingerprint scans that assume everyone has ridges.

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Up until around the second trimester, a human fetus can be cut or injured in the womb and the skin heals back with no scar at all, the tissue regenerates with normal hair follicles, sweat glands and collagen pattern, as if nothing happened. Surgeons doing fetal surgery actually noticed this by accident, early incisions were healing scarlessly.

But somewhere around the start of the third trimester, that ability quietly shuts off. After that point, and for the rest of your life, any significant wound heals by laying down collagen in a rushed, tangled pattern instead of rebuilding the original structure, which is what actually makes a scar a scar.

Researchers still don't fully understand why the switch happens, but it seems tied to changes in inflammation response and a protein called TGF-beta as the fetal immune system matures. It's one of the reasons regenerative medicine researchers are so interested in "scarless healing," if we can figure out what fetal skin is doing differently, it could change how we treat wounds, burns and surgical scars later in life.

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Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques demonstrates surface tension and viscosity aboard the International Space Station. Without gravity to pull liquid downward, surface tension causes the honey to stay attached to both surfaces, stretching out into a spring-like column and coiling back like liquid rubber when released.

Footage Credit: Canadian Space Agency / NASA