Went to Mummies in the Hall at Smithills Hall in Bolton on Saturday and got to meet Professor Joann Fletcher. I’m a fan of her work, and we had a quick chat about my plans to study Egyptology. I’m currently doing the University of Liverpool’s Go Higher course, so meeting her at this stage of my own journey meant a lot.

The afternoon included a talk and a screening of The Mummy. Didn’t get to ask a question during the session, but came away with a photo and had a brilliant day.

Has anyone else been to one of her talks?

Single compartment funeral servant box
-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: TT 1 Sennedjem (?)

E 27147

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory number Main number: E 27147

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Description

Object name/Title Designation: coffin for funeral attendants with a single compartment

Description/FeaturesDecoration: front face; couple (seated); woman (pleated dress with sleeves, long enveloping wig, front headband, lotus flower, perfume cone, earrings); man (seated, pleated loincloth, breathable, lotus flower); oudjat eye (2); lion foot chair

Back; right side; left side; rectangles (nested)

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:
behalf
title

Names and titles
Khâbekenet ; Iset (wife, housekeeper)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 30 cm; Length: 17.8 cm; Width: 18.3 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discovery TT 1 tomb of Sennedjem (West Cemetery->Deir el-Medina->West Thèbes)

HISTORY

Object history: Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 41) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name box for funerary servants with a single compartment

Materials wood

Painting techniques

Description/Features lion foot chair - oudjat eye - breathable - left side - right side - front side - back side - couple - lotus flower - woman - man - sitting - earrings - long enveloping wig - forehead band - perfume cone - 2 - pleated dress with sleeves - pleated pañne - interwoven - rectangles

Names and titles
set - Khâbekenet - housekeeper - wife

Period Ramses II

PlacesTT 1 Sennedjem

Nature of textnom - title

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Näser, Claudia, Der Alltag des Todes. Funeräre Praktiken in Deir el-Medine im Neuen Reich, London, Golden House Publications, 2024, Available at: http://www.goldenhp.co.uk/978-1-906137885.pdf, p. 210, 212, 216

Gaber, Hanane; Bazin Rizzo, Laure; Servajean, Frédéric (dir.), At Work: We Know the Artisan... of Pharaoh! A century of French research in Deir el-Medina (1917-2017), exhibition cat. (Cairo, Egyptian Museum, 2017), Milan; Montpellier, Silvana Editoriale, 2017, p. 172

Kraemer, Bryan, "A Tight-Lipped "Shawabti" from Deir el-Medina in the Princeton University Art Museum", Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 74, 2015, p. 20-31, p. 29, note 14

Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (Bibliothèque générale 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 15, 43, cat. 7

Link, Li-Li (dir.), Eternal Egypt: 4000 years of civilization, exhibition cat. (Taipei, November 21, 2003 - November 7, 2004), Taipei, Jio Kuan Culture, Production and Management, 2004, p. 236,295, No. 157

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Union, 2003, p. 39 note 55, 58 note 118, 51 note 84

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 298, no. 246 c

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 43

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 62, fig. 1 p. 59

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 81

Ziegler, Christiane; Bovot, Jean-Luc, Art and archaeology: Ancient Egypt, Paris, Louvre School / La Documentation française / National Museums Association, 2001 (Manuals of the Louvre School), p. 240-241, fig. 140 p. 240

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Eisenberg, Jerome M., "The New Egyptian Galleries at the Louvre", Minerva. The International Review of Ancient Art and Archaeology, 9, fasc. 5, 1998, p. 8-14, p. 10, fig. 12

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (dir.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213, p. 205

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, The Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 93, ill. p. 93

Labbé-Toutée, Sophie, "Aspect of a civilization", Fine Arts Special Issue, Special No.: Egypt: Louvre collections, 1997, p. 12-26, fig. 46 p. 25

Podvin, Jean-Louis, Composition, position and orientation of funerary furniture in private Egyptian tombs of the Middle Empire to the Late Period, Lille, National Workshop of Thesis Reproduction, 197, p. 340

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 204, ill. p. 204, no. 65

Aston, David A., "The shabti box: a typological study", Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (OMRO), 74, 1994, p. 21-54, p. 23

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 205, fig. p. 205, no. 67

Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève (dir.), Durand, Jannic; Alcouffe, Daniel, Le Louvre. Treasures of the largest museum in the world, Paris, Brussels, Montreal, Zurich, Selection of Reader's Digest, 1991, p. 79, ill. p. 79

Maruéjol, Florence, Egyptian Art at the Louvre, [Musée du Louvre, Paris], Paris, Scala, 1991, p. 85, ill. p. 85

Leclant, Jean, The pharaohs, 2, The empire of conquerors, Paris, Gallimard, (The universe of forms), 1979, fig. 212 p. 219

"Main acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 1, fig. 2, no. 2

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Nefertari, in search of eternal life, Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 02/20/1995 - 06/06/1995

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995

Title
Single compartment funeral servant box, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot TT 1 tomb of Sennedjem (West Cemetery->Deir el-Medina->West Thèbes), Wood and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010013300

The Louvre Museum

A long time ago, I was in a debate with a guy about the water erosion on the Sphinx. He reckons the Nile flooded and reached the Sphinx which then caused the erosion. I said it wasn't possible because the Sphinx is on top of a hill and also on the West side of Giza: river on the East. This means if the flood did happen it would have to flood the city of Giza and Cairo.

Do you think it's possible for the Nile to reach the Sphinx and cause water erosion?

Mummiform funerary servant

-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: Deir el-Medina

E 27149; E 27147 ERR

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 27149

Other inventory number: E 27147 ERR

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: momiform funerary servant

Description/Featuresman (tripartite wig, ousekh necklace, crossed arms, holder, two umbrellas)

Registrations Writing:

Hierarchical (in the back)

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Formula of ouchebtis

Names and titles
Sennedjem (servant-sedjem-ach in the Place of Truth)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Dimensions Height: 19.4 cm; Width: 6.5 cm; Thickness: 4.3 cm

Materials and techniques Material: limestone

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discovery Deir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region)

HISTORY
Object history Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 40) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Mummiform funerary name servant

Calcium material

Painting techniques

Description/Features Cross-braids - holder - men - ousekh necklace - tripartite wig - two hoods

Names and titles
Sennedjem - servant-sedjem-ach in the Place of Truth

Period Ramsès II

Places Deir el-Medina

Nature of textformule of ouchebtis
Scriptural - hieroglyphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (Bibliothèque générale 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 48, cat. 85

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of artists and artisans in the collections of the Louvre", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 57, 2010, p. 3-14, p. 8, note 30

Link, Li-Li (dir.), Eternal Egypt: 4000 years of civilization, exhibition cat. (Taipei, November 21, 2003 - November 7, 2004), Taipei, Jio Kuan Culture, Production and Management, 2004, p. 236, 295, illus. p. 236, no. 157

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of the Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 298, no. 246a

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 42

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 63, fig. 1 p. 59

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 82

Egyptian art in the time of the Pharaohs, collections of the Louvre Museum, exhibition cat. (Sao Paulo, Museu de Arte Brasileira, May 2-July 22, 2001), Sao Paulo, Fundaçao Armando Alvares Penteado, 2001, p. 156-158, ill. p. 158, no. 15

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 94

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 205, ill. p. 205, no. 67

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 204, illus. p. 204, no. 66

Bridonneau, Catherine, "The Book of Death and Funeral Customs", Le Monde de la Bible, 78, 1992, p. 29-35, p. 33, fig. 38 p. 35

Spanel, Donald B., "Notes on the terminology for funerary figurines", Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (SAK), 13, 1986, p. 249-253, p. 252 note 17

Leclant, Jean, The pharaohs, 2, The empire of conquerors, Paris, Gallimard, (The universe of forms), 1979, fig. 265 p. 255

"Major acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 82

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- Eternal Egypt, 4,000 years of history, Taipei (External, Taiwan), Tchang Kaï-Chek Memorial, 21/11/2003 - 28/03/2004

- The Pharaoh artists, Deir El-Medineh and the Valley of the Kings, Brussels (Belgium), Royal Museums of Art and History, 09/11/2002 - 01/12/2003

- Egyptian art in the time of the Pharaohs, collections of the Louvre Museum, Sao Paulo (Brazil), Armando Alvares Penteado Foundation, 02/05/2001 - 22/07/2001

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Turin (Italy), Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 12/15/1995 - 04/07/1996

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995

Title
Mummiform funerary servant, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot Deir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region), Calcium, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010007857

The Louvre Museum

Mummy form funerary servant

-1279 / -1212 (Ramesses II)

Place of discovery: Deir el-Medina

E 27148

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 27148

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: momiform funerary servant

Description/Features

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Formula of ouchebtis

Names and titles Khâbekenet (servant-sédjem-âch in the Place of Truth)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 18.9 cm; Width: 6.3 cm; Thickness: 3.8 cm

Materials and techniques Material: limestone

Technique: painting

Color: white-black-ocre red-ocre yellow

PLACES AND DATES

Date Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212)

Place of discoveryDeir el-Medina (West Thebes->Thebes->Theban region)

HISTORY

Object history Given by the Egyptian government to Gaston Maspero; purchased from an antiquary during a public sale in Drouot on 11/2/1973 (no. 39) by the Banque Belgique Industrielle; bought back from this bank by the Louvre at the beginning of May 1974 (Desroches-Noblecourt 2003).

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Industrial Belgium, Seller

Maspero, Gaston, Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date public sale date: 02/11/1973 (Drouot)

Committee/commission date: 02/05/1974

Date of the council: 08/05/1974

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Mummy form funerary servant

Calcium material

Painting techniques

Names and titles
Khâbekenet - servant-sédjem-âch in the Place of Truth

Period Ramsès II

Places Deir el-Medina

Nature of textformule of ouchebtis
Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Näser, Claudia, Der Alltag des Todes. Funeräre Praktiken in Deir el-Medine im Neuen Reich, London, Golden House Publications, 2024, Available at: http://www.goldenhp.co.uk/978-1-906137885.pdf, p. 212, 218

Farout, Dominique, Ancient Egypt and hieroglyphs, Paris, Louvre editions; Flammarion jeunesse, 2022, ill. p. 51

Kraemer, Bryan, "A Tight-Lipped "Shawabti" from Deir el-Medina in the Princeton University Art Museum", Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, 74, 2015, p. 20-31, p. 29, note 14, 21

Piacentini, Patrizia, "The antiquities path: from the Sale Room of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, through dealers, to private and public collections. A work in progress", in Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian; Quirke, Stephen G. (eds.), Forming material Egypt: proceedings of the International Conference London 20-21 May, 2013, Milano, Pontremoli, (Egyptian & Egyptological Documents, Archives, Libraries (EDAL) 4), 2013-2014, p. 105-130, p. 110

Donnat, Sylvie (dir.), Mahmoud Abd el-Qader, Adel, Catalogue of funerary objects from the tomb of the Servant in the Place of Truth Sennedjem (TT1): ushabtis, ushabtis in coffins, ushabti boxes, canopic coffins, canopic chests, cosmetic chests, furniture, dummy vases, pottery jars, and walking sticks, mainly from Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, Cairo, Institut français d'archéologie orientale (IFAO), (General Library 37), 2011, p. 5-6, 16-17, 45, cat. 27

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 2003, p. 51 note 85, 58 note 119

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "About the Louvre exhibition "Chaouabtis: pharaonic workers for eternity" ", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 29, 2003, p. 57-62, p. 60

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane, Under the gaze of the gods, Paris, Albin Michel, (General Library 37), 2003, p. 326-329, fig. XVI

Andreu, Guillemette (dir.), The Artists of Pharaoh. Deir el-Medinah and the Valley of the Kings, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, April 15 - July 22, 2002; Brussels, Royal Museums of Art and History, September 10, 2002 - January 12, 2003), Paris / Turnhout, Réunion des musées nationaux (RMN) / Brepols, 2002, p. 298-299, ill. p. 299, no. 246b

Andreu, Guillemette; Gombert, Florence, Deir el-Medineh: the artisans of the pharaoh, Paris, Hazan, 2002, p. 42

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary servants of Deir Al-Medina", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 25, 2002, p. 59-64, p. 62, fig. 1 p. 59; fig. 2 p. 62

Podvin, Jean-Louis, "The funerary furniture of the tomb of Sennedjem", Göttinger Miszellen (GM), 191, 2002, p. 77-84, p. 79 note 10, 81

Ziegler, Christiane; Bovot, Jean-Luc, Art and archaeology: Ancient Egypt, Paris, Louvre School / La Documentation française / National Museums Association, 2001 (Manuals of the Louvre School), p. 240-241, fig. 140 p. 240

Andreu, Guillemette; Rigault, Patricia; Traunecker, Claude, The ABCdaire of Ancient Egypt, Paris, Flammarion, 1999, p. 81, ill. p. 80-81

Eisenberg, Jerome M., "The New Egyptian Galleries at the Louvre", Minerva. The International Review of Ancient Art and Archaeology, 9, fasc. 5, 1998, p. 8-14, p. 10, fig. 12

Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The catalogue of funerary servants (shaouabti, ouchebti) of the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum", in Eyre, Christopher J. (dir.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, September 3-9, 1995, Louvain, Peeters, (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta (OLA) ; 82), 1998, p. 201-213, p. 205, 207, fig. 3

Andreu, Guillemette; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène; Ziegler, Christiane, Ancient Egypt at the Louvre, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Hachette, 1997, p. 157-158; 254, ill. p. 158, no. 74

Ziegler, Christiane; Letellier, Bernadette; Delange, Élisabeth; Pierrat-Bonnefois, Geneviève; Barbotin, Christophe; Étienne, Marc, The Egyptian antiquities: visitor guide, 1, [Louvre Museum, Paris], Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 1997, p. 93, ill. p. 93

Labbé-Toutée, Sophie, "Aspect of a civilization", Fine Arts Special Issue, Special No.: Egypt: Louvre collections, 1997, p. 12-26, fig. 46 p. 25

Podvin, Jean-Louis, Composition, position and orientation of funerary furniture in private Egyptian tombs of the Middle Empire to the Late Period, Lille, National Workshop of Thesis Reproduction, 197, p. 337

Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria (dir.), Nefertari: Light of Egypt, exhibition cat. (Turin, Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 1995), Rome, 1996, p. 204, ill. p. 204, no. 66

Davies, W. Vivian; Ziegler, Christiane; Donadoni Roveri, Anna Maria; Bierbrier, Morris L.; Barbotin, Christophe; Guidotti, Maria Cristina; Leospo, Enrichetta (dir.), Nefertari: Luce d'Egitto, exhibition cat. (Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli, October 6, 1994 - February 19, 1995), Italy, Leonardo Arte, 1994, p. 204, illus. p. 204, no. 65

Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève (dir.), Durand, Jannic; Alcouffe, Daniel, Le Louvre. Treasures of the largest museum in the world, Paris, Brussels, Montreal, Zurich, Selection of Reader's Digest, 1991, p. 79, ill. p. 79

Maruéjol, Florence, Egyptian Art at the Louvre, [Musée du Louvre, Paris], Paris, Scala, 1991, p. 85, ill. p. 85

"Major acquisitions of museums in 1975," La Chronique des arts et de la curiosité. Supplement to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 26, 1286, 1976, p. 82

Knowledge of the Arts, Special number on public sales in Paris 1973-1974, 1974, p. 170

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- The Pharaoh artists, Deir El-Medineh and the Valley of the Kings, Brussels (Belgium), Royal Museums of Art and History, 09/11/2002 - 01/12/2003

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Turin (Italy), Palazzo della Promotrice delle Belle Arti, 12/15/1995 - 04/07/1996

- Nefertari, in search of eternal life, Rome (Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 02/20/1995 - 06/06/1995

- Nefertari: Light of Egypt, Rome (External, Italy), Palazzo Ruspoli - Fondazione Memmo, 06/10/1994 - 19/02/1995
M
Title
Mummy form funerary servant, Ramses II (mention of character) (-1279 - -1212), Findspot Deir el-Medina, Calcium and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010012992

The Louvre Museum

My reading so far has been imn-r3 nebw, but I don’t think that the third line that would indicate the w is actually a part of that word/meaning. I’m also new to this so help is greatly appreciated

Double-layered compartmentfuneral servant box

-1295 / -1069 (19th dynasty; 20th dynasty)

N 2642; Salt no. 3297?

Department of Egyptian AntiquitiesInventory number
Main number: N 2642

Previous coll. no.: Salt no. 3297?

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: double-layered per-nou funeral servant's box

Description/Features box set; box lid (2)

Decoration: front face; funerary meal; man (oosekh collar, banner-like loincloth, holding, khérep scepter, sitting on) ; lion's foot chair

Right side; left side; back side; rectangles (nested)

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

behalf

Names and titlesIyrnioutef

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 33.5 cm; Width: 22.7 cm; Thickness: 13.7 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Secondary material: straw (?) (inside the box)

Technique: painting

PLACES AND DATES

Date XIXth dynasty; XXth dynasty (known character) (character mention) (-1295 - -1069)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / DedicateeSalt, Henry, Seller; Collector

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date date of registration in the inventory: 1826

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location

Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 3

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Name box for double-layered funeral serving trays in per

Materials wood - straw

Painting techniques

Description/Features box cover - box - lion footstool - holder - left side - right side - front - back - funeral meal - man - sitting on - ousekh necklace - 2 - khérep scepter - banner - interlocking - rectangles

Names and titlesIyrnioutef

Period XIX dynasty - XX dynasty

Nature of textnom

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andreu, Guillemette; Desclaux, Vanessa; Virenque, Hélène (dir.), The Champollion Adventure, in the secret of the hieroglyphs, exhibition cat. (Paris (External, France), National Library of France, François-Mitterrand site, 04/12/2022-07/24/2022), Paris, National Library of France, 2022, p. 236

The Invention of the Louvre, cat. exp. (Beijing, National Museum of China, 2017), Beijing, 2017

Pomarède, Vincent; Mathieux, Néguine (dir.), The Invention of the Louvre, exhibition catalogue (Beijing (External, China), National Museum of China, 2017), Beijing, National Museum of China / Louvre editions, 2017

Torres, Pascal; Mathieux, Néguine; Pomarède, Vincent (dir.), The Invention of the Louvre, exhibition cat. (Hong Kong (China), Heritage Museum, 2017), Hong Kong, Louvre Museum, 2017

Guichard, Sylvie (dir.), Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Louvre editions / editions Khéops, 2013, p. 287, ill. p. 286, R. 3 or 4

Chaouabtis, pharaonic workers for eternity, cat. exp. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2003), Paris, Editions of the National Museums Association, 2003, p. 41, 84, no. 83

Janes, Glenn, Shabtis, private view. Ancient Egyptian funerary statuettes in European private collections, Paris, Cybèle, 2002, p. 14-15

Aston, David A., "The shabti box: a typological study", Oudheidkundige mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (OMRO), 74, 1994, p. 21-54, p. 24, 44

Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson, Ramesside Inscriptions. Historical and Biographical, 5, Oxford, B.H. Blackwell Ltd, 1970-1983, p. 662, no. 248, B.VIII.1, 2

Letellier, Bernadette (dir.), Everyday life among the artisans of the pharaohs, exhibition cat. (Metz, Metz Museums, November 12, 1978-February 28, 1979), Metz, Metz Museums, 1978, p. 104, ill. p. 105, no. 140

Porter, Bertha; Moss, Rosalind L.B., Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings, 1.2, The Theban Necropolis. Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1964, Available at: http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm1-2.pdf, p. 747

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1952, p. 53

Vandier, Jacques, Summary Guide, [Louvre Museum, Paris. Department of Egyptian Antiquities], Paris, Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1948, p. 52

Bruyère, Bernard, Mert Seger in Deir el Médineh, Cairo, Printing House of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), (Memoirs published by the members of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (MIFAO); 58), 1930, p. 16

Champollion, Jean-François, Descriptive notice of Egyptian monuments of the Charles X Museum, Paris, Crapelet Printing House, 1827, Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040365n, p. 137, R. 3 or 4

EXHIBITION HISTORY

- The Champollion adventure: in the secret of the hieroglyphs, Paris (External, France), National Library of France, François Mitterrand site, 04/12/2022 - 07/24/2022

- The Invention of the Louvre, Heritage Museum, 04/26/2017 - 07/24/2017, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- The Invention of the Louvre, Beijing (External, China), National Museum of China, 01/12/2017 - 03/31/2017, stage of a touring exhibition

- Daily life among the pharaonic artisans, Metz (External, France), Museum of Art and History, 11/12/1978 - 02/28/1979

Last updated on 24.11.2025

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

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Title
Double-layered compartment funeral servant box, XIXth dynasty; XXth dynasty (known character) (character mention) (-1295 - -1069), Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood straw?, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010008139

The Louvre Museum

Funerary mask

Funerary mask and shroud of painted and plastered cartonnage, depicting a woman wearing a decorated wreath, tunic and holding a vase in one hand : Ancient Egyptian, Upper Egypt, probably Deir el-Bahari, Late Roman Period, 200-300 AD

This item is not on display

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1956.1187

Object name
Funerary mask, Shroud

Production information
Unknown
Egypt, Northern Africa
Roman Period
3rd century

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Collection place(s)
Deir el-Bahari, Upper Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Previous owner: Rhind, Alexander Henry, 1833 - 1863

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

References
MURRAY, M A 1900. Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland).33
PARLASCA, K 1966. Mumienporträts und verwandte Denkmäler (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz).44, n.185, 128.143, n.135, 188.207 n.76, 209, pl. 52, 1, 3
GRIMM, G 1974. Die römische Mumienmasken aus Ägypten (Wiesbaden: Frank Steiner). 25, 95 n.32
WALKER S & M BIERBRIER 1997. Ancient Faces. Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt (London: British Museum Press).158-159[178]
RIGGS, C 2000. “Roman Period Mummy Masks from Deir el-Bahri”, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 86: pp. 121-144131, 141[1]
RIGGS, C & M DEPAUW 2002. “«Soternalia» from Deir el-Bahri, including Two Coffin Lids with Demotic Inscriptions”, Revue d’Égyptologie 53: p.89 with n. 57
RIGGS, C., 2005. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity and Funerary Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press).232-233, 296 [128]
Manley, B and Dodson, A., (2010) Life Everlasting. National Museums Scotland Collection of Ancient Egyptian Coffins (Edinburgh: NMS Enterprises Ltd.), Cat. 63, p.144

Title
Funerary mask, Late Roman Period, 200-300 AD, Findspot Deir el-Bahari? Upper Egypt, Painted and plastered cartonnage, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300377&object-name=Shroud&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Funerary Mask 01

Funerary mask of cartonnage, painted in red blue black green and pink, with gilded gold face, and scenes of gods: Ancient Egyptian, Hawara, Middle Egypt, Roman Period, c20 BC - 70 AD

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1911.275

Object name
Funerary mask

Production information
Hawara, Middle Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa
Roman Period

Culture / Style
Roman Period, Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Cartonnage, Plaster, Gold

Collection place(s)
Hawara, Middle Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Depicted: Isis
Depicted: Nephthys

Hilton Price Collection
Collector: Hilton Price, Frederick George, 1842 - 1909
Excavator: Petrie, William Matthew Flinders, Professor Sir, 1853 - 1942

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland

References
Hilton Price, F. G. (1897 and 1908), A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the possession of F. G. Hilton Price, 2 Vols, London: Quaritch. 27.
Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge (1911), Catalogue of the important and extensive collection of Egyptian antiquities, the property of the late F. G. Hilton-Price, Esq. Lot no. 1043.
1897. A Catalogue of the Egyptian Antiquities in the Collection of F. G. Hilton Price, Dir.S.A. London: Bernard Quaritch, p. 5 (no. 27)
Manley, B. and Dodson, A. (2010), Life Everlasting: national Museums Scotland Collection of Ancient Egyptian Coffins, pp.130-131

Title
Funerary mask 01, Roman Period, c20 BC - 70 AD Roman Period, Findspot Hawara Middle Egypt, Cartonnage plaster and gold, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300044&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&hasImage=true&material=Cartonnage&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Votive sistrum / fragmen

Upper part of a faience votive sistrum, each of the two faces in the form of the head and wig of the goddess Hathor: Ancient Egyptian, Lower Egypt, Tell Basta, Late Period, c.664-332 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1956.1473

Object name
Votive sistrum / fragment

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
Late Period, Ancient Egypt

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Faience

Collection place(s)
Tell Basta, Lower Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

Title
Votive sistrum / fragment, Late Period, c.664-332 BC, Findspot Tell Basta Egypt, Faience, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=299674&hasImage=true&material=Faience&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Stela

Stela in bright blue glazed faience with a design in dark manganese-purple line, showing the Maker of Faience for Amun Rekhamun making an offering to Osiris who is seated on a throne: Ancient Egyptian, Upper Egypt, El-Assasif, Thebes, 19th Dynasty, c.1295-1186 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1956.153

Object name
Stela

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
19th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Faience

Collection place(s)
Thebes, Upper Egypt, Egypt, Northern Africa

Associations
Depicted: Osiris
Depicted: Rekh-amun
Rhind, Alexander Henry, 1833 - 1863

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum
Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience (10 May 1998 - 25 Apr 1999)
The Cleveland Museum of Art
Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design
Kimbell Art Museum

References
Catalogue of the National Museum of Antiquities 1863, No. 8-9
Murray, 1900 Catalogue, p. 29, no. 449; p. 55, no. 11; p. 67.
Newberry 1914, 'Egyptian Historical Notes II' PSBA 36, no. 259 (Jan 1914) p. 36, 9b.
Porter and Moss, 1946, Top Bib I part 2, pp. 803-4.
Nolte 1968, Die Glasgefasse im alten Agypten, p. 8.
Luft 1977, 'Das Totenbuch des Ptahmose' ZAS 104, pp. 48-9.
Budischovsky and Genaille 1988, 'Les steles egyptiennes du Musee de Rennes (suite) Imen-Rekh', Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'ouest 95, no. 3, pp. 231-5, pl. 2.
Friedman, F.D. 1998. Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience, pp. 156, 250, cat. no. 166.
R. S. Bianchi, in F. D. Friedman (ed.), Gifts of the Nile. Ancient Egyptian Faience, Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, (Providence: 1998), pp. 250 (no. 166).
H. Strudwick (ed.) with T. Clarke, (2026) Made in Ancient Egypt: cat 25, 63

Title
Stela, 19th Dynasty New Kingdom c.1295-1186 BC, Findspot Thebes Upper Egypt, Faience, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300336&exhibition=Gifts+of+the+Nile%3A+Ancient+Egyptian+Faience&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland,

Scarab
Winged scarab in blue-green faience with a plain base: Ancient Egyptian, Late Period

This item is not on display

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1965.215

Object name
Scarab

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
Late Period

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Collection place(s)
Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008 (2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

Title
Scarab, Late Period, Findspot unknown Egypt, Faience, National Museums of Scotland

[https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300142&object-name=Scarab&page=1&view=cards\\](https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300142&object-name=Scarab&page=1&view=cards)

National Museums of Scotland

Hi everyone! I’m researching these five Egyptian faience amulets, reportedly dating to c. 1086–332 BC, and would love some help identifying them.
I suspect the top-left piece might be a stamp seal or seal amulet, while the bottom-right could be a falcon, possibly representing Horus.
I’m unsure about the other three. Does anyone recognise these forms or know of comparable examples in museum collections or reference catalogues?
Any insights would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

I'm curious what y'all think about this. I'm split between the one that existed during the Persian conquest and the Ptolemies.

On one hand, I'm pretty sure that the dynasty ruling before the Persians was a native one. The Ptolemaic dynasty came from Greece and brought their culture to Egypt. I think the forced culture shift is the important factor here.

How can the Ptolemies be ancient Egyptian pharoahs when they refused to fully adopt ancient Egyptian culture?

However, I heard that the Ptolemies adopted some Egyptian cultural practices, so maybe the shift was more gradual?

Personally, I would say they're similar to the Yuan in China.

Figurine / hedgehog

Blue faience figurine of a hedgehog in a marching pose, with the quills and other details indicatedin black/brown: Ancient Egyptian, Middle Kingdom, c.1985-1650 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1965.244

Object name
Figurine / hedgehog

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
Middle Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Culture / Style
Middle Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Faience

Collection place(s)
Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

References
von Droste zu Hülshoff, Vera. 1980. Der Igel im alten Ägypten, Hildesheimer Agyptologische Beitrage II, (Hildesheim: Gerstenberg), pl. XII, no. 106.

Title
Figurine / hedgehog, Middle Kingdom, c.1985-1650 BC, Findspot unknown‎ Egypt, Faience, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=299676&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&hasImage=true&page=7&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Did ancient Egyptian adult pharaoh women wear earrings ?

Ok obv i know they wrap the individual fingers and toes in the first layer of the mummification process so if they do the fingers and toes individually, do they also individually wrap the penis and balls
?

this is a dead serious question. I’m not being funny.

Bowl

Bright blue faience bowl with a slight annular foot, decorated with a lotus flower pattern: Ancient Egyptian, New Kingdom, c.1295 -1069 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1952.176

Object name
Bowl

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
New Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Culture / Style
Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Faience

Collection place(s)
Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

Title
Bowl, New Kingdom, c.1295 -1069 BC, Findspot unknown Egypt. Faience, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=300800&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&hasImage=true&object-name=Bowl&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland

Statue / man / part

Upper part of a greywacke statue of a seated man wearing a long wig with lappets: Ancient Egyptian, Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, c.1922 - 1855 BC

This item is on display
National Museum Of Scotland, Level 5, World Cultures, Ancient Egypt Rediscovered
View museum map

Collection
World Culture

Object number
A.1965.8

Object name
Statue / man / part

Production information
Egypt, Northern Africa
12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Culture / Style
12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Ancient Egyptian

Materials
Greywacke

Collection place(s)
Egypt, Northern Africa

Exhibitions
Ancient Egypt Rediscovered (08 Feb 2019)
National Museum of Scotland
Ancient Egypt (29 Jul 2011)
National Museum of Scotland
Egyptian Gallery, 2003 - 2008(2003 - 2008)
Royal Scottish Museum

Title
Statue / man / part,Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty, c.1922 - 1855 BC, Findspot unknown
Egypt, Greywacke, National Museums of Scotland

https://www.nms.ac.uk/collections/search/object?entry=299517&school-style-generic=ancient+egyptian&page=1&view=cards

National Museums of Scotland