The entire country of Western Sahara is hot desert, completely without exception (down to 1 km resolution).

Its location (20 - 28° N) puts it squarely in the desert belt, and it’s western-facing shoreline has an off-shore breeze, pushing dry air out rather than moist air on, and without any mountains (highest point is only 2,300 ft), makes the country uniformly hot desert.

Are there any other countries (excluding
microstates) that are completely 1 climate type?

“Florida is FLAT “

actually…

According to the attached article:

> "A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N"

This would exclude cities like Minsk, Hamburg and Leeds. But overall I'd say it's a fair working definition. But what do you think?

Red: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Green: Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF)

Gray: Fano (Amhara militia)

Blue: Oromo Liberation Army (OLA)

Pink: Afar National Unity Revolutionary Front (ANURF)

Hey everyone,

I made an animated map documentary about Austerlitz, focusing on how terrain influenced the battle: the Pratzen Heights, the surrounding valleys, and the southern villages and stream crossings.

I wanted to show why those locations mattered as the Allied army moved toward Napoleon’s right flank, creating the opportunity for his attack on the center.

The terrain and map animations are built in code. Historical movements are simplified for readability; the narration, music, and some illustrations use AI tools.

https://youtu.be/MUdrsTYkZNU

Does the visualization make the geography understandable? Are there landscape features I should explain better, and does the pacing hold your attention?

I’m just starting this channel, and honestly, I don’t know whether to continue making these. If you watch it, please leave an honest comment under the YouTube video too. Every comment means a lot at this stage, and that engagement can help the video reach more people.

Would you watch more battles explained through maps like this? Your feedback would help me decide whether to keep going and what to improve.

Thanks for taking a look!

I'm trying to find the distance between London and Sydney on the Mercator Projection, I have the great circle distance on both a sphere and a WGS 84 ellipse so those are not needed. If anyone can find a source where I could make this calculation this would be very helpful thank you :D.

P.S. I'm writing this for a research paper so that's why I'll need a source...

The distance from Tijuana to the extreme south of Argentina is equivalent to the distance from Los Angeles to Auckland or Shanghai. Meanwhile, the distance from Tijuana to the extreme east of Brazil is equivalent to traveling from Amsterdam to Cape Town

I recently learned about sinuosity, which measures how winding a route is compared to the straight-line distance between two points.

The formula is:

Sinuosity = Actual route distance ÷ Straight-line distance

For example, my bike commute to school is 6.8 km, while the straight-line distance is only 4.9 km.

My commute's sinuosity is 6.8 ÷ 4.9 ≈ 1.39.

I'm curious about everyone else's commutes! What's your sinuosity, and how do you commute (walking, cycling, driving, public transport, etc.)?

Bonus points if you have a particularly winding route!

The Herman beach is the highest shoreline of glacial Lake Agassiz. It's a gravel ridge the waves built when the lake stood at its highest level, about 11,700 years ago. Warren Upham described these upper beaches in 1879 and 1881 for the Minnesota Geological Survey, and he's the one who named the lake after Louis Agassiz.

At Muskoda the ridge splits the glacial hills above from the flat old lake floor below. A 1915 USGS guidebook to the Northern Pacific says the railroad dug a large gravel pit into the ridge here for ballast. Muskoda had a post office from 1873, a grain elevator and a potato warehouse. Then in 1909 the railroad moved its line, which left the town about half a mile off the tracks. The post office closed in 1930.

This is my own render of the bare-earth lidar. Just southwest of where the highway crosses the railroad there's a big flat-floored pit with steep squared-off edges, the sandy patch in the air photo. A stream winds across the view in a shallow valley.

1 (top): Bare-earth lidar at Muskoda, Minnesota, on Lake Agassiz's Herman beach
2 (bottom): Air photo of the same area, July 2021

Numbered pins on picture 1 (top):
Pin 1: Floor of the large gravel pit
Pin 2: A winding stream channel
Pin 3: The railroad line

Lidar: USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), public domain.
Imagery: USGS The National Map (NAIP Imagery service), 2021, Public domain.

A reef taller than many skyscrapers remained absent from detailed maps beneath the waters off northern Australia. Rising more than 500 meters, approximately 1,640 feet, it reaches toward the surface from a much deeper seabed. Its summit still lies about 40 meters underwater.

Australian scientists identified the structure on October 20, 2020, while surveying the northern Great Barrier Reef. Robin Beaman of James Cook University led the expedition aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor.

The original expedition announcement described the first discovery of a tall detached reef in the region in more than 120 years. Its importance extended beyond height. Mapping exposed a substantial habitat in a comparatively poorly explored part of an internationally recognized marine ecosystem.

I was scrolling on my map northwest of Birmingham AL, and noticed this odd looking area. It's just south of Williamsburg, AL. I've seen paths like this before, they're typically ATV trails, but they don't typically clear out large areas like this.

Could this be maybe a rural housing development area? I'm just curious, and I'm not a geography expert, so I'm wondering if someone has some insight on things like this.

Compare the cities of Basra and Beersheba. They are on the same latitude, less than a thousand kilometers away from each other and the elevation differs by about 200 meters. Yet, the yearly mean temperature in Basra is 27 C / 80 F and in Beersheba it is 21 C / 69 F.

What gives? The Mediterranean and Persian gulf aren’t large enough to have ocean currents. Both have arid climates (190 mm annually as opposed to 130 mm)

*Climate figures are sourced from Wikipedia.

I hope not but looking at the directions of development between the two cities, it kind of looks like it.