r/composting • • Jul 06 '23

Beginner Guide | Can I Compost it? | Important Links | The Rules | Off-Topic Chat/Meta Discussion

141 Upvotes

Beginner Guide | Tumbler FAQ | Can I Compost it? | The Wiki

The Ultimate Beginner Guide:
Make a pile of "browns" and mix "greens" into them over time. Keep this pile moist but not sopping or dripping wet, and make sure it can get oxygen.

Browns are carbon-rich materials like leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper or cardboard. Greens are nitrogen-rich materials like kitchen scraps, coffee grounds (note that "green" and "brown" doesn't necessarily mean the color!), grass clippings/green yard waste, and animal manure.

For a bit more detail than that...

Crash Course/Newbie Guide
Are you new to composting? Have a look through this guide to all things composting from /u/TheMadFlyentist.

Backyard Composting Basics from the Rodale Institute (PDF document) is a great crash course/newbie guide, too! (Thanks to /u/Potluckhotshot for suggesting it.)

Tumbler FAQ
Do you use a tumbler for composting? Check out this guide with some answers to frequently-asked questions. Thanks to /u/smackaroonial90 for putting it together.

A comprehensive guide of what you can and cannot compost
Are you considering composting something but don't know if you can or can't? The answer is probably yes, but check out this guide from /u/FlyingQuail for a detailed list.

The Wiki
So far, it is a sort of table-of-contents for the subreddit. I've also left the previous wiki (last edited 6 years ago) in place, as it has some good intro-to-composting info. It'd be nice to merge the beginner guides with the many different links, but one thing at a time. If you have other ideas for it, please share them!

Discord Server
If you'd like to chat with other folks from /r/composting, this is the place to do it.

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio Chart of some common materials from /u/archaegeo (thanks!)

Subreddit thumbnail courtesy of /u/omgdelicious from this post

Welcome to /r/composting!

Whether you're a beginner, the owner of a commercial composting operation, or anywhere in between, we're glad you're here.

The rules here are simple: Be respectful to others (this includes no hostility, racism, sexism, bigotry, etc.), submissions and comments must be composting focused, and make sure to follow Reddit's rules for self promotion and spam.

The rules for this page are a little different. Use it for off-topic/casual chat or for meta discussion like suggestions for the wiki or beginner's guides. If you have any concerns about the way this subreddit is run, suggestions about how to improve it, or even criticisms, please bring them up here or via private messages (be respectful, please!).

Happy composting!


r/composting • • Jan 12 '21

Outdoor Question about your tumbler? Check here before you post your question!

252 Upvotes

Hi r/composting! I've been using a 60-gallon tumbler for about a year in zone 8a and I would like to share my research and the results of how I've had success. I will be writing common tumbler questions and the responses below. If you have any new questions I can edit this post and add them at the bottom. Follow the composting discord for additional help as well!

https://discord.gg/UG84yPZf

​

  1. Question: What compost can I put in my tumbler?
    1. Answer: u/FlyingQuail made a really nice list of items to add or not add to your compost. Remember a tumbler may not heat up much, so check to see if the item you need to add is recommended for a hot compost, which leads to question #2.
  2. Question: My tumbler isn't heating up, what can I do to heat it up?
    1. Short Answer: Tumblers aren't meant to be a hot compost, 90-100F is normal for a tumbler.
    2. Long Answer: Getting a hot compost is all about volume and insulation. The larger the pile is, the more it insulates itself. Without the self-insulation the pile will easily lose its heat, and since tumblers are usually raised off the ground, tumblers will lose heat in all directions.I have two composts at my house, one is a 60-gallon tumbler, and the other is about a cubic-yard (approx. 200 gallons) fenced area sitting on the ground. At one point I did a little experiment where I added the exact same material to each, and then measured the temperatures over the next couple of weeks. During that time the center of my large pile got up to about averaged about 140-150F for two weeks. Whereas the tumbler got up to 120F for a day or two, and then cooled to 90-100F on average for two weeks, and then cooled down some more after that. This proves that the volume of the compost is important insulation and for getting temperatures up. However, in that same time period, I rotated my tumbler every 3 days, and the compost looked better in a shorter time. The tumbler speeds up the composting process by getting air to all the compost frequently, rather than getting the heat up.Another example of why volume and insulation make a difference is from industrial composting. While we talk about finding the right carbon:nitrogen ratios to get our piles hot, the enormous piles of wood chips in industrial composting are limited to size to prevent them from spontaneous combustion (u/P0sitive_Outlook has some documents that explain the maximum wood chip pile size you can have). Even without the right balance of carbon and nitrogen (wood chips are mostly carbon and aren't recommended for small home composts), those enormous piles will spontaneously combust, simply because they are so well insulated and are massive in volume. Moral of the story? Your tumbler won't get hot for long periods of time unless it's as big as a Volkswagen Beetle.
  3. Question: I keep finding clumps and balls in my compost, how can I get rid of them?
    1. Short Answer: Spinning a tumbler will make clumps/balls, they will always be there. Having the right moisture content will help reduce the size and quantity.
    2. Long Answer: When the tumbler contents are wet, spinning the tumbler will cause the contents to clump up and make balls. These will stick around for a while, even when you have the correct moisture content. If you take a handful of compost and squeeze it you should be able to squeeze a couple drops of water out. If it squeezes a lot of water, then it's too wet. To remedy this, gradually add browns (shredded cardboard is my go-to). Adding browns will bring the moisture content to the right amount, but the clumps may still be there until they get broken up. I usually break up the clumps by hand over a few days (I break up a few clumps each time I spin the tumbler, after a few spins I'll get to most of the compost and don't need to break up the clumps anymore). When you have the right moisture content the balls will be smaller, but they'll still be there to some extent, such is the nature of a tumbler.
    3. Additional answer regarding moisture control (edited on 5/6/21):
      1. The question arose in other threads asking if their contents were too wet (they weren't clumping, just too wet). If you have a good C:N ratio and don't want to add browns, then the ways you can dry out your tumbler is to prop open the lid between tumblings. I've done this and after a couple weeks the tumbler has reached the right moisture content. However, this may not work best in humid environments. If it's too humid to do this, then it may be best to empty and spread the tumbler contents onto a tarp and leave it to dry. Once it has reached the proper moisture content then add it back into the tumbler. It's okay if it dries too much because it's easy to add water to get it to the right moisture content, but hard to remove water.
  4. Question: How full can I fill my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: You want it about 50-60% full.
    2. Long Answer: When I initially fill my tumbler, I fill it about 90% full. This allows some space to allow for some tumbling at the start. But as the material breaks down, it shrinks in size. That 90% full turns into 30% full after a few days. So I'll add more material again to about 90%, which shrinks down to 50%, and then I fill it up one more time to 90%, which will shrink to about 60-70% in a couple days. Over time this shrinks even more and will end around 50-60%. You don't want to fill it all the way, because then when you spin it, there won't be anywhere for the material to move, and it won't tumble correctly. So after all is said and done the 60 gallon tumbler ends up producing about 30 gallons of finished product.
  5. Question: How long does it take until my compost is ready to use from a tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: Tumbler compost can be ready as early as 4-6 weeks, but could take as long as 8-12 weeks or longer
    2. Long Answer: From my experience I was able to consistently produce finished compost in 8 weeks. I have seen other people get completed compost in as little 4-6 weeks when they closely monitor the carbon:nitrogen ratio, moisture content, and spin frequency. After about 8 weeks I'll sift my compost to remove the larger pieces that still need some time, and use the sifted compost in my garden. Sifting isn't required, but I prefer having the sifted compost in my garden and leaving the larger pieces to continue composting. Another benefit of putting the large pieces back into the compost is that it will actually introduce large amounts of the good bacteria into the new contents of the tumbler, and will help jump-start your tumbler.
  6. Question: How often should I spin my tumbler?
    1. Short Answer: I generally try and spin my tumbler two times per week (Wednesday and Saturday). But, I've seen people spin it as often as every other day and others spin it once a week.
    2. Long Answer: Because tumbler composts aren't supposed to get hot for long periods of time, the way it breaks down the material so quickly is because it introduces oxygen and helps the bacteria work faster. However, you also want some heat. Every time you spin the tumbler you disrupt the bacteria and cool it down slightly. I have found that spinning the tumbler 2x per week is the optimal spin frequency (for me) to keep the bacteria working to keep the compost warm without disrupting their work. When I spun the compost every other day it cooled down too much, and when I spun it less than once per week it also cooled down. To keep it at the consistent 90-100F I needed to spin it 2x per week. Don't forget, if you have clumps then breaking them up by hand each time you spin is the optimal time to do so.

r/composting • • 6h ago

Sifted for the first time. What would you do about this roots problem?

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45 Upvotes

I clipped 1/4” mesh over my wheel barrel. Worked nicely! Got about 3 loads worth over a year. But those roots are nuisance. Any ideas? Is this the best I can do?


r/composting • • 3h ago

Interesting in learning understanding and starting composting. Is this an already natural pile?

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10 Upvotes

I've been throwing grass clippings and leaves into this pile in my yard for years. Recently got into chickens and that's where I throw old straw from the coop. Is this technically a compost pile already?


r/composting • • 15h ago

Haul Cardboard storage

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15 Upvotes

I did a lot of shredding over the last couple of days and wanted to share. We went to IKEA for a couple of cabinets; my girlfriend is happy with those, and I was happy I had a lot to shred.

My shredder does not have multicut, so I have to prep the cardboard a bit more than most people. My shredder is a P-1 18-sheet shredder that cuts long strips from anything I feed into it. I wanted smaller bits that do not get tangled in my tumbler, so I cut the cardboard in a zig-zag motion before feeding it into the shredder. The shredder then cuts it into finer pieces.

It is a bit of work, but it is mind-soothing at the same time. In the end, I had two full Klämtare boxes (around 70 liters each) and my shredder is also partially full. I hope it is enough for the next couple of months, but it really depends on how many Halloween pumpkins I can get.

It will all be composted in my Joraform JK270.


r/composting • • 6h ago

Experimento para mejorar la agricultura y salud

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4 Upvotes

(foto para no ser ignorado)

Una pregunta ❓

Existe alguna alternativa o forma de procesar las heces humanas para crear composta y luego eso agregar a las planas (milpa) para hacer apto para consumo humano.

Soy un joven que quiere hacer un experimento que pueda procesar y aprovechar los nutrientes para hacer, composta y tener mejor resultados en la siembra y quiero saber que tan apto para el consumo es.quiero bajar la contaminación de un cierto lugar.si tienen otra alternativa me será de ayuda


r/composting • • 13h ago

Grass clippings can be green and brown?

4 Upvotes

I heard a guy on YouTube say if you gag your grass clippings and let them dry out, the grass turns a straw color and can then be considered as a source of carbon.
He said the green in the leaf was where the nitrogen was stored.

I have no trees around me for leaf litter, so this kind of a big deal for me. I was wondering if anybody else ever heard this advice?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Humor I'm having a Blast Exploring My Compost Pile.. wait.. does it sound weird?.. .. .

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34 Upvotes

I think it does, right... right? Call me weird, but HEY! I've been composting for some time now and the party in my bin has been going on for quite a lot. They had a ton of food variety, coffees, moonshine and I even change their matrasses monthly (high quality triple layered cardboard that is). They even had occasional full plate leftover feasts.

Lately, whenever I turn a fork in that bin, you could literally hear the noise from their little feet running back inside. Thousands of isopods have thrived in this wooden box. To the naked eye, this simply looks like garbage, but TO THEM.. it's a 5 star all inclusive hotel.

Now I had my focus elsewhere (a pond maybe?)...and treated this like a natural process: Misses made stew, a big bowl of peeled leftovers, I took them to the bin .. poof.. gone. Didn't care. But when autumn hit hard with rainy days and cold winds.. the garden slowly went into hibernation mode. Not them tho' and here comes my story..

Thank you for the positive welcome in my last post here. I hope you guys enjoy the video of my story too.. but.. am I crazy for digging a mine in my compost bin? AM I CRAZY for throwing about 5 years of wet potties in it.. oh wait.. dang.. now.. now I have second thoughts... oh well, I guess now it's too late.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Chicken manure compost aged and ready

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28 Upvotes

I sought help a while back on here about composting chicken manure and I’m getting to use the second batch this fall. A third batch is currently aging


r/composting • • 21h ago

😭😭

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6 Upvotes

My 6 month old compost pile vs the chips from the trees I had cut down a day ago.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Vermiculture How’s my compost?

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6 Upvotes

r/composting • • 13h ago

C. bantiana

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0 Upvotes

I've been composting for three years, have read about microbiological hazards of it, and this is the first time I've read about a microbe that has made me reassess my personal risk level. The part about otherwise healthy, non-immunocompromised individuals falling ill, with a 70% mortality rate, is worrisome. Will probably start masking up when working with it, and possibly stop altogether. Interested in this community's thoughts.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Cardboard shredder help

3 Upvotes

Wondering how high a page shredder should I get to shred the boxes that produce comes in for restaurants? Am I ok to use a 14-16 page shredder or should I go higher?


r/composting • • 22h ago

Bocashi aérobie

2 Upvotes

Bonjour, quelqu'un a entendu parler du bocashi aérobie(genre "aérobocashi" dans google)? cette technique qui permet de composter en 3 semaines max au lieu de 3 mois?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Adding old fertilizer to compost

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14 Upvotes

I have an old bag of lawn fertilizer, and was wondering if it could be added to my compost heap, and if so, how best to add it?


r/composting • • 1d ago

Builds New bin

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6 Upvotes

Just moved to my new place and I'm getting things set up. Almost made the error of getting straw laced with herbicide aminopyralid. The straw I'm Now using is good. Be careful out there. I decided not to treat the wood I used for my bin since I figure I'll rot before it does. Poking stick for scale.


r/composting • • 17h ago

Humans must try to create...

0 Upvotes

... more compostable trash!


r/composting • • 1d ago

Who did this?

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1 Upvotes

I just open one of my compost bins, the one farthest along, it looks like something's been digging holes in my compost. Who do we think it is?


r/composting • • 2d ago

Harvest time

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103 Upvotes

Started one year ago. Was above 40C whole winter, then added worms in late spring. Keeped hot-composting in my second insulated bin. And added that through the year. Was 4 wheel barrows of compost. More then enough for my small garden.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Commercial Composting Could my compost OCD turn into a small business?

4 Upvotes

I swear I have compost OCD 😂 Whenever I see organic material that could be composted going to waste, I get this feeling that I’m missing out on a valuable resource and that I need to find a destination for it. I can’t help thinking about all the potential compost that could be made!

So, naturally, I’ve started looking at a pile of grass clippings and leaves next to the sanctuary in my town in Portugal and wondering whether I could turn it into a small business.

I’ll attach some pictures of the pile. The idea would be to collect this material, transport it to a piece of land I have elsewhere, and turn it into compost to sell.

I’m curious about a few things:

Scale: Can you estimate how much material is there from the pictures, and how much finished compost it could produce? How much material would I need to make this commercially worthwhile?

Practicalities: What infrastructure and equipment would I need to get started on a small scale? Would grass clippings and leaves be enough, or would I need other inputs? I’d probably need to stockpile leaves in autumn to balance out the grass clippings generated during spring and summer.

Regulations: How complicated is it to produce and sell compost legally in Portugal or elsewhere in the EU? What permits, testing or certifications might be required?

Safety: Would I need to know whether fertilisers, herbicides or other chemicals are used on the grass?

Business viability: Has anyone actually built a small business around collecting green waste and turning it into compost? Is it possible to make money from this after accounting for transport, labour, processing, packaging and sales?
I’ve also been thinking about producing biochar from wood and mixing it with the compost to create a more specialised soil amendment for home gardeners.

This could fit into a broader business idea I’ve been exploring: a gardening brand focused on carefully selected tools and products for people who take gardening seriously. I’d love to know whether this could become a viable product line rather than just an expensive way of indulging my compost obsession. 😅

Has anyone here done something similar? Am I onto something, or am I underestimating the challenges involved?


r/composting • • 2d ago

Pisspost “Piss on it”; Horses: “Say less.”

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26 Upvotes

r/composting • • 1d ago

Jumping Worms & Backyard Compost

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2 Upvotes

Thought I'd crosspost this here as well to see if any of you have been dealing with this. TY!


r/composting • • 2d ago

Cold/Slow Compost I've been running a slow compost pile for years.. and I'll probably run it as much as I can

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137 Upvotes

I'm a deep lurker on this sub. For almost 5 years I've been running this slow maintenance (medium size?) compost pile out of necessity. When I decided this would be home to my family, the terrain had a lot of overgrowth. There was so much garden waste not even the city wanted it. So I had to come up with a solution..

I knew little about composting, but somehow I've built a perfect home for these little helper guys.. isopods. Today.. they are thousands. Whenever I scoop a full fork, you could literally hear them running back inside. In about 1 month whatever I drop and tumble in that pile will slowly disappear. What looks like a pile of garbage to some, to them is a first class all inclusive hotel. Now they're my neighbours. I feed them, in return they help grow the greens that feed my family.

There is so much joy in this process. I think this natural connection is deeply rooted in us, we somehow forget about it. Like it runs as a background process that we do not know about. Yet simple enough.. there is so much fulfillment in running a compost pile.

Sorry for the long post. Simply wanted to share.


r/composting • • 1d ago

Question Can't manage to compost

9 Upvotes

It seems that composting takes a bit of labor and expense, and I'm short on both .

I'm really limited to strength and time. And I don't wanna pay big money to set up a compost, and then maintain it.

It's just me and a small garden, so one of those spinning ones would work well. But the cost is crazy.

I'm trying just a bin and it takes me almost half year to fill it with food and pine needles and twigs.

And then when it's full, do I have to grind it to the fine mix powder?

How do I do that?

I can chop with an axe and cut up pieces, but it's a lot of work and it's still not ground fine.

Now I see there's and mold built up.

I have drainage holes but I guess nit enough. But it rains almost daily.

Did you ever try to drill in the side of those black bins with yellow lids!? Crazy strong!

Now I see there's infestation I think fire ants, which are loaded in my front yard, so I don't wanna start bringing them around to the backyard.

So I can't go near the thing.

I have red ants and big carpenters type ants, but these look like the fire ants.

But either way, Do I need to toss this start up compost in the trash?

Or if I continue, whats a good, cheap way to grind it up fine?

And then how do I know I did it right because I'm learning.you have to get the right ratio with fertilizers, or it screws everything up.

I added a little store bought compost /manure to some tomato seedlings, and they wilted.

So ...I am compost lost. .in Central Southeast Florida